Emerald

Hardness:
7.5-8.0

Ocurrance:
Colombia, Brazil, Zimbabwe (Rhodesia), South Africa, Ural mountains (Russia), Zambia, India, Tanzania, Pakistan, Australia, U.S. (Connecticut, Maine, North Carolina), Austria and Norway.

Appearance:
Emerald refers to the green variety of beryl. There are however, gem quality green beryls which are not emeralds. All emeralds contain inclusions, which are evidence as to the genuineness of the stone, but the rare few have visible inclusions of Mica, Pyrite or Calcite or the "garden" type
inclusions. Inclusions can be important in separating natural from synthetic Emeralds and for
identifying the country of origin. The name is derived from the Greek word Smaragdos, meaning "green stone". The top color for Emerald is a deep Green.

Something Extra:
Emerald is usually treated with colorless oil, wax, or natural and synthetic resins into voids to improve appearance. Surface cavities of emerald is commonly filled with a hardened colorless Emerald is usually treated with colorless oil, wax, or natural and synthetic resins into voids to improve appearance. Surface cavities of emerald is commonly filled with a hardened colorless substance. Emerald is also occasionally dyed with dye or colored oi.

The vibrant Green of Emerald has long stood for fertility and rebirth. Many cultures have used Emerald as a treatment for eye diseases, epilepsy and poisoning. Emeralds have been held under the
tongue as a way of foretelling the future. They were dedicated to the goddess Venus and were
considered an aid in revealing the truthfulness of one's lover. But their incomparable beauty is reasonenough for owning this Gem.

Cleopatra prized her emeralds more than any other gem. She may have dropped her pearls in her
wine for Mark Anthony but she kept her emeralds for herself! The ancient emerald mines of
Cleopatra, long a mystery, were discovered again a hundred years ago near the Red Sea. Some
tools found in the mine were dated at 1650 B.C. but no quality emeralds were found: the mines were exhausted thousands of years ago. Mummies in ancient Egypt were often buried with an emerald on their necks carved with the symbol for verdure, flourishing greenness, to symbolize eternal youth.

The Romans also loved emeralds because, as ancient scholar Pliny said, "nothing greens greener."
Pliny said that emerald was the only gem which delighted the eye without fatiguing it. He said his eyes were restored when gazing at emerald. Emperor Nero wore emerald sunglasses to watch the
gladiators.

One legend says that Satan lost the emerald from his crown when he fell. The emerald was shaped
into a bowl which the Queen of Sheba sent to Nicodemus. Christ used the bowl at the last supper
and Joseph of Arimathea used the bowl to catch blood from the cross, founding the order of the
Holy Grail.